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Thank you for visiting Longbow Information. We try to provide you with the most complete information we can about archery and bowhunting. We update our sources constantly. Please scroll down to learn more.
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Bowstrings
Bowstrings are cordage specifically designed and used to draw back the arrow and bend the wooden bow so that when released, the bow will flex back to its original shape and the arrow will fly a specific distance and at a specific speed based on the draw weight of the bow, the weight of the arrow, the wind conditions, and the weight of the bowstring.Any proper discussion of bowstrings must start with the bow itself. Teh British yeomen were the most formidable archers the long bow or bow stave. The major problem the recreationists have in duplicating these bows is that there are only a very few which survive today. Those that do survive came from a recovered sunken ship called the MARY ROSE. The treasures discovered on that find represent the only complete medieval bow staves in existence. At that, there are only about 40-50 of them
Welsh bowmen, according to written accounts, used wild elm for their bows. Furthermore, these bows were not smooth and polished, but rough and lumpy. This indicates they understood the importance of following the grain of the wood which resulted in bows which were stout and strong, although not aesthetically pleasing bow.
The second best wood for the making of bows appears to have been the Yew. The longbow has been referred to as the machine gun of the Middle Ages because the possessed a rapid rate of fire and a long range. However, there appears to be some disagreement as to what they looked like. On the continent of Europe they would have exceeded four feet in length.
The bow staves used by the mercenary troops of Sir John Hawkwood in the 14th century were reputed to have been as tall as or a little taller than his yeoman solders. The Royal Antiquities Society of Great Britain claims the weapons were, "of five or six feet" in length .
To be classified as a true longbow, the bow must be as tall as the archer. However, any bow over 5-1/2 to 6 feet would have been called a longbow.
Draw Weight
There is also some argument about the draw weight of the bows. The estimates range from 80 to 110 pounds. This is important to know because it directly affects the size of the bowstring needed to draw back the bow. Bowstrings must have a breaking strength of at least 4 to 5 times the draw weight of the bow.The long bows of the Mary Rose are estimated to draw at 65 to 70 pounds. This seems the more reasonable estimate and corresponds to the draw weights of bows made with modern composite materials. Here are some things we can conclude about the longbow based on the documentary and archaeological evidence:
- There was no standard to the size of the long bow;
- The Longbow was made from the center and sap wood of the wild elm, yew and other appropriate woods;
- The longbow was not smooth and polished, but followed the grain of the wood to keep its strength and durability; and
- There appears to be a conflict as to the draw weight of the longbow, but 65-70 pounds appears most reasonable.
Tht Arrows
Longbow arrows are more plentiful. They were mainly made out of hazel, pine, ash, and in later medieval times aspen. A few horn or bone nocks have survived. However, it the nock was generally carved directly into the arrow itself.The Charter House Arrow, for example, is 30.5 inches long with a shaft that varies from 1.07 centimeters wide to .756 centimeters at the nock. This means that the bowstring would have been less than 4-5 mm wide (no more than 1/8th to 3/16ths inch thick).
Bow Strings
Where there is a scarcity of longbows from the Middle Ages, there is a total lack of bow strings. Therefore, all we have to go by is an occasional mention of them. The materials used were flax and hemp.The long bows of the period were all made by hand to different lengths. This means that a finished bow string would not have been possible to make without the bow. We do know that there were 50,000 bowstrings found at the Tower of London. Most were cut and eye spliced at one end and unfinished at the other. The archer would finish the string to his particular bow.
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